Exams & Practice Hub

C. 24 hours. This is the WHO minimum; individual needs may require longer care.

C. Three additional contacts, making a minimum of four in total.

A. 48–72 hours. Further routine contacts are recommended at 7–14 days and during week six.

A. Within one hour of birth. Support early initiation when mother and newborn are clinically able.

C. Six months. Exclusive breastfeeding means breast milk without other foods or drinks, including water, with permitted medical exceptions.

C. At six months, alongside continued breastfeeding.

D. Two years or beyond, according to WHO and UNICEF recommendations.

B. Reduced activity and feeding difficulty are danger signs that need prompt assessment.

C. Eight. WHO recommends at least eight contacts; women with additional needs require more frequent assessment.

A. Within the first 12 weeks. Early booking within the first 12 weeks allows assessment, prevention and planning.

D. 30–60 mg elemental iron plus 400 micrograms folic acid. The recommended preventive daily combination is 30–60 mg elemental iron and 400 micrograms folic acid. Treatment of diagnosed anaemia needs individual assessment.

B. Arrange urgent assessment for pre-eclampsia. These are warning symptoms of severe disease. Arrange immediate clinical assessment, including blood pressure; absence of swelling does not exclude pre-eclampsia.

C. 5 cm. WHO uses 5 cm for the start of the active first stage. Assess the whole clinical picture rather than using cervical dilatation alone.

A. Explain procedures and obtain informed consent. Protect dignity, privacy and informed choice throughout care. Consent is an ongoing process.

D. A companion of her choice. A chosen companion can provide emotional and practical support while the team maintains privacy and safe care.

B. Individual assessment rather than automatic intervention. WHO advises against using 1 cm per hour as a universal trigger for intervention. Evaluate maternal and fetal condition and the overall labour pattern.

A. Magnesium sulfate. Magnesium sulfate is the recommended anticonvulsant. It requires trained administration and monitoring; hypertension also needs appropriate treatment.

C. A quality-assured prophylactic uterotonic. A prophylactic uterotonic supports uterine contraction and reduces bleeding risk. Oxytocin is a recommended choice; selection depends on guidance and availability.

B. Activate the emergency response and start the PPH protocol promptly. Suspected postpartum haemorrhage requires immediate team response, assessment, resuscitation and treatment of the cause. Do not delay because blood loss has not yet been fully measured.

D. As soon as possible within three hours of birth, alongside standard care. Early tranexamic acid is part of PPH treatment, in addition to the other required measures. The three-hour window is measured from birth.

A. 24 hours. Waiting at least 24 hours helps protect warmth and supports uninterrupted early care.

C. Not earlier than one minute after birth. Delayed clamping, not earlier than one minute, supports infant iron status. Immediate resuscitation needs may change the plan.

B. Thorough drying, assessment of breathing and skin-to-skin contact. Assess breathing and maintain warmth, including drying and skin-to-skin contact; support early breastfeeding when clinically appropriate.

D. Screen for depression and anxiety with referral when needed. Postnatal care includes mental as well as physical health assessment, support and access to further care.